2016年1月2日 星期六

Week 16

The New Testament.




About the New Testament of The Bible.

Introduction. 
   The New Testament is a  collection of writings in which different  people set forth their convictions concerning the meaning and significance of the earthly life of Jesus of Nazareth.No one of these writings appeared until some years after Jesus' physical death. He left no written records concerning himself, and any information about him must be gleaned from what other people have written. By the end of the first century of the Christian era or thereabouts, several biographies of Jesus had been written, four of which are now part of the New Testament.

Origin.
     The New Testament was not written all at once.The books that compose it appeared one after another in the space of fifty years,i.e. in the second half of the first century.Written in different and distant countries and addressed to particular Churches, they took some time to spread throughout the whole of Christendom, and a much longer time to become accepted. The unification of the canon was not accomplished wuthout much controversy (see CANON OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES). Still it can be said that from the third century,or perhaps earlier, the existence of all the books that today form our New Testament was everywhere known, although they were not all universally admitted,at least as certainly canonical.

Psalm 23. 



    "Psalms" Article 23 (English: Psalm 23 "The Lord is my Shepherd on"), its first sentence and is sometimes referred to Shepherd Psalm ("Shepherd Psalm"), is the "Psalm" in one of the more famous first.
   Topic this verse is when it comes to God's role protector and provider, and thus for the Jews and Christians love. For Christians, "Lord" refer to Jesus, for "John" records, Jesus calls himself " the good shepherd." "Psalms" Article 23  has repeatedly been hymn author on music spectrum.
                                   From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Vocabulary.

1. Shepherd:牧羊人,指導者



2. Protestant:抗議的

3. Catholic Christian:公教基督徒




4. Monotheism: 一神教



5. Sodoma: 捷索多馬 (人名)



6. Eternity:來世

7. Labor: 勞工,分娩

8. Scarecrow: 稻草人



9. Crow: 烏鴉



10. Raven Omen: 烏鴉的征兆

11. Dove Peace: 和平鴿




12. Prometheus:普羅米修斯(希臘神話中人名,為人類盜火種甘受苦)



13. Pandora:潘多拉

14. Epimetheus:厄庇墨透斯(希臘神話裡伊阿珀托斯之子,普羅米修斯之弟)




Differences between Christian: Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox.
   A Christian is a baptised follower of Jesus Christ. A church is a gathering of believers. Therefore, the Christian Church is not a building but a gathering of Christians. In the first few centuries of its history the Christian religion spread and grew in spite of Roman and Jewish persecution.
    A schism is a split in the body of believers; it is a separation that leaves the members of the Church no longer united. For the first 1,000 years of the Church's history there were no major schisms. At ths time, all Christians were members of the universal Christian Church. The Greek word for universal is translated into English as the word"Catholic". The word "universal" in Latin is derived from "universus" meaning,combined into one. So the Catholic Churchis focussed on complete universal unity amongest all people in Christ Jesus Our Lord.

WASP White Anglo Saxon Protestant.
   This article is about the abbreviation for a type of sacialization. White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) is an informal, sometimes disparaging term for a group of high-status and influential White Americans of English Protestant ancestry. The term applies to a group believed to control disproportionate social, political, and financial power in the United States. It describes a group whose family wealth, education, status, and elite connections allow them a degree of opportunity held by few others.
    Scholars agree that the group's influence has waned since the end of World War Ⅱ, with the growing influence of other ethnic groups in the United States. The term is also used in Canada and Australia for similar elites. The term is occasionally used by sociologists to include all Americans of North European ancestry regardless of their class or power. People rarely call themselves WASPs, except humorously. The acronym is typically used by non-WASPs.
                                       From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

WASP Stuart Little.



Stuart Little is a 1999 American family comedy film directed by Rob Minkoff. It is loosely based on the novel of the same name by E. B. White. It combines live action and computer animation. The screenplay was written by M. Night Shyamalan and Greg Brooker. The plot bears little resemblance to that of the book. as only some of the characters and one or two minor plot elements are the same. The movie's sequel more closely resembles the original novel.
                                              From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Catholic Vulgate.




  This article is about the forth-century Latin translation of the Bible. The Vulgate is a late fourth-century Latin translation of the Bible that become, during the 16th century, the Catholic Church's offically promulgated Latin version of the Bible.
   The translation was largely the work of St. Jerome, who, in 382, was commissioned by Pope Damasus 1 to revise the Vetus Latina ("Old Latin") collection of biblical texts in Latin, then in use by the Church, Once published, it was widely adopted and eventually eclipsed the Vetus Latina and, by the 13th century, was known as the "versio vulgata" (the "version commonly-used") or, more simply, in Latin as vulgate or in Greek as βουλγάτα("Vulgate").The Catholic Church made its offical Latin Bible as a consequence of the Council of Trent (1545-63)

                                                 From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Orpheus and Eurydice.




  The ancient legend of Orpheus and Eurydice concerns the fateful love of Orpheus of Thrace, son of Apollo and the muse Calliope, for the beautiful Eurydice (from Eurudike, "she whose justice extends widely"). It may be a late addition to the Orpheus myths, as the latter cult-title suggests those atached to Persephone. It may have been derived from a legend in which Orpheus travels to Tartarus and charms the goddess Hecate.

                                                    From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Niagara Falls.



   Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls that straddle the international border between Canada and the United States, more specifically, between the province of Ontario and the state of New York. They form the southern end of the Niagara Gorge.
    From largest to smallest, the three waterfalls are the Horseshoe Falls, the American Falls and the Bridal Vell Falls. The Horseshoe Falls lie mostly on the Canadian side and the American Falls entirely on the American side, separated by Goat Island.
                                     From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.



Taiwan Police Logo.



Korea Police Logo.




Sam the eagle U.S.




  Sam Eagle is a Muppet character orginating from the television show. The Muppet Show, where he was performed by Frank Oz. Sam has appeared in every Muppet film; as himself in The Muppets Movie, The Great Muppet Caper, The Muppets Take Manhattan Muppets from Space,an The Muppets, as well as the Head Schoolmaster in The Muppet Christmas Carol, Samuel Arrow in Muppet Treasure Island and a CIA agent in Muppets Most Wanted. He will also appear in the television series, The Muppets.

                                 From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

2015年12月26日 星期六

Week 15

Bible: The Old Testament



Origin of the Bible.
     The Bible is one of the world's oldest books.Its oldest sections were written about the birth of Christ.Even its newest sections were written about 1900 years ago.One of the most important facts about the Bible is that those who wrote it did not claim to be the source of the ideas they wrote about.For example,one of the writers,Paul, made this statement:All Scripture[i.e.:the Bible]is inspired by God and profitable for teaching,for reproof,for correction, for training in righteousness;that the man of God may be adequate;equipped for every good work.

The Old Testament Books.



     The Old Testament is the first section of the Christian Bible, based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible , a collection of religious writings by ancient Israelites. It is the counterpart to the New Testament, the second portion of the Cristian Bible.The Old Testament canon varies between Christian Churches;Protestants and Latter-Day Saints accept only the books found in the canon of the Hebrew Bible,dividing them into 39 books,while the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox,and Oriental Orthodox Churches accept somewhat larger collections of writings. The Bible is a whole library bound up in one volume.The word"BIBLE"means"BOOKS",and altogether there are 66 books in the Bible:


THE OLD TESTAMENT
(Genesis to Malachi)
39 BOOKS
THE NEW TESTAMENT
(Matthew to Revelation)
27 BOOKS
Total
66 BOOKS
IN THE BIBLE

A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens.



    A Christmas Carol in Prose,Being a Ghost-Story Of Christmas,commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens,first published in London by Chapman&Hall on 19 December 1843.The novella met with instant success and critical acclaim.A Christmas Carol tells the story of a bitter old miser named Ebenezer Scrooge and his transformation into a gentler,kindlier man after visitations by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past,Present and Yet to Come.

   The book  was written at a time when the British were examining and exploring Christmas traditions from the past as well as new customs such as Christmas cards and Christmas trees.Carol singing took a new lease on life during this time.A Chistmas Carol remains popular—having never been out of print—and has been adapted many times to film,stage,opera,and other media.



This picture is showed about the Books A Christmas Carol's first edition cover on 1843 by author Charles Dickens.



19th December 1843: A Christmas Carol first published


Vocabulary.

1.Scrooge:守財奴



2.Secular:世俗


3.Religious:宗教



4.Gay:快樂的,同性戀


5.Bough:大樹枝



6.Bow Tie:蝶形領結




7.Fresco:壁畫




8.Crucifixion:刑罰,苦難




9.Parables:預言


10.Resurrection:復活



11.Genesis:起源


12.Providence:深謀遠慮

13.Enlightment:啟蒙

14.Clay:黏土

15.Dust Ash:除塵灰



16.Ribs:肋骨





A Song is about "Have yourself a Merry Little Christmas" is sing by Viktor Kiraly.



              Viktor Kiraly- Have yourself a Merry Little Christmas



Meet me in St-Louise



    This article is about the 1944 film.Meet Me in St.Louis is a 1944 musical film from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer which tells the story of an American family living in St.Louis at the time of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's Fair in 1904.
    The movie was adapted bu Irving Brecher and Fred F.Finkleoffe from a series of short stories by Sally Benson, orginally published in The New Yorker magazine under the little"5135 Kensington", and later in novel from as Meet Me in St.Louis.The film was directed by Vincente Minnelli,who met Garland on the set and later married her.It was the second-highest grossing picture of the year,only behind Going My Way.

                                         From Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia


Abraham.



     This article is about the biblical Abraham.Abraham ,birth name Abram, is the first of the three biblical patriarches. His story, told in chapters 11 through 25 of the Book of Genesis, plays a prominent role in Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the Bahaj.Faith.
     According to Jewish tradition and the Bible's internal chronology,Abraham was born in the year 1948 from Creation (1813 BCE). To date, there has been little if any archaeological or other scientific evidence to confirm or disconfirm his existence at the time. Scholars variously consider Abraham to have lived as late as the seventh century BCE, or that he is a later,literary construct and not a historical person. Potentially, excavation of his traditional burial site, the Cave of the Patriarchs at Hebron, along with carbon dating and/or DNA analysis from the bodies in comparison with the shared Y-chromosomal genes among Jewish and Arab people,his patriarchal offspring by tradition, could provide confirming or disconfirming evidence of his existence and chronology.
                                                     
                                    From Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia
Sarah.



   Sarah or Sara was the wife and half sister of Abraham and the mother of Isaac as described in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran. Her name was originally Sarai. According to Genesis 17:15, God changed her name to Sarah as part of a convenant after Hagar bore Abraham his first son, Ishmael. The Hebrew name Sarah indicates a woman of high rank and is translaed as"princess"or "noblewoman".
                                                    From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Isaac.



    Isaac as described in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran, was the second son of Abraham, the only son Abraham had with his wife Sarah, and the father of Jacob and Esau.According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham was 100 year old when Isaac was born, and Sarah was past 90. According to the Genesis narrative,Abraham brought Issac to Mount Moriah where at God's command, Abraham built a sacrificial altar to sacrifice Issac. This event served as a test of Abraham's faith.At the last moment an angel stopped him.
                                    From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia     

2015年12月18日 星期五

Week 14

首本文學批評(西方文學理論):Aristotle's Poetics



Introduction of Aristotle's poetics (384-322 B.C.B)


Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, making contributions to logic, metaphysics,mathematics,physics,biology,ethics,politics,agriculture,medicine,dance and theatre.He was a student of Plato who in turn studied under Socrates.He was more empirically minded than Plato or Socrates and is famous for rejecting Plato's theory of forms. In his lifetime,Aristotle wrote as many as 200 treatises, of which only 31 survive.Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics,biology, and ethics.Some of these classifications are still used today.

Vocabulary.

1.Sexual strike:性罷工

2.Deceithful:欺騙的

3.Masturbation:手淫,自慰

4.Self Abuse:自暴自棄

5.Abstinence:節制,禁食

6.Naked Handmaid:裸體的婢女

7.Desperate:令人絕望的

8.Farce:鬧劇,笑劇




9.Platonic Academy:柏拉圖學院




10.Socrates:蘇格拉底(古希臘哲學家)




11.Plato's Dialogues:柏拉圖的對話



12.Dramatic Theory:戲劇理論




13.Literary Theory:文學理論






14. Mimesis:(生物)擬態,模仿


Mimesis, "to imitate,"from(mimos),"imitator,actor")is a critical and philosophical term that carries a wide range of meanings,which imitation, representation, mimicry, imitatio, receptivity, nonsensuous similarity, the act of resembling, the act of expression, and the presentation of the self.

15.Imitations:模仿

16.Spectacle:精彩的表演

17.Tragic Hero:悲劇英雄

18.Tragic Flaw:悲劇性缺陷

19.Hamartia:悲劇性的弱點

      Harmartia, is about classical Greek term. For medical term,see 
Harmartia (medical term).The term hamartia derives from the Greek, which means"to miss the mark" or "to err".It is most often 
associated with Greek tragedy, although it is also used in Christian theology.

20.Metaphor: 隱喻

21.Point of View:觀點

22.Omniscient:無所不知的

23.Oedipus Rex:俄狄浦斯王(電影名)




24.Katharsis:淨化

25.Past Violence:過去的暴力

2015年12月11日 星期五

Week 13

Aristophanes' Lysistrata

Introduction of Aristophanes.
Aristophanes was a prolific and much acclaimed comic playwright of ancient Greece,sometimes referred to as the Father of Comedy.Eleven of his forty plays have come down to us virtually complete (along with up to with 1,000 brief fragments of other works), and are the only real examples we have of a genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy.Aristophanes' works recreate the ,life of ancient Athens perhaps more convincingly than those of any other author,although his biting satire and ridicule of his contemporaries often came close to slander.





Introduction of  Lysistrata.
"Lysistrata" is a bawdy anti-war comedy by the ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes,first staged in 411 BCE. It is the comic account of one woman's extraordinary mission to end the Peloponnesian War, as Lysistrata convinces the women of Greece to withhold sexual privileges from their husbands as a means of forcing the men to negotiate a peace.Some cosider it his greatest work, and it is probably the most anthologized.




Vocabulary.

1.Doctor Faustus:浮士德博士 (小說書名)



2.Dramatic Irony:(戲劇中人物未察覺但是觀眾                                可以領會的)喜劇性諷示(等於                               tragic irony)



3.Promiscuous:混雜的

4.Applaud:贊同

5.Pride:自豪

6.Ideal Spectator:理想的觀眾

7.Audience:觀眾




8.Purple Robes:紫色的長袍



9.Tragic Irony:戲劇性反語

10.Sarcasm:嘲笑

11.Attendants:服務員,眾侍從




12.Boughs:大樹枝



13.Vengeance:復仇

14.Led:領導

15.Pitiable:可憐的

16.Defiled:污損的