2016年10月22日 星期六

Week 06 English Vocabulary and Etymology

                        Week 10 - 12.

                   Roman Numerals.
            


                     Achilles' Heel.
       「Achilles' Heel.」的圖片搜尋結果
An Achilles' heel is a weakness in spite of overall strength, which can actually or potentially lead to downfall. While the mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, idiomatic references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to downfall are common. In Greek mythology, when Achilles was a baby, it was foretold that he would die young. To prevent his death, his mother Thetis took Achilles to the River Styx, which was supposed to offer powers of invulnerability, and dipped his body into the water; however, as Thetis held Achilles by the heel, his heel was not washed over by the water of the magical river. Achilles grew up to be a man of war who survived many great battles. One day, a poisonous arrow shot at him was lodged in his heel, killing him shortly afterwards.


                  Edith Hamilton.
    「Edith Hamilton.」的圖片搜尋結果
Edith Hamilton (August 12, 1867 – May 31, 1963) was an American[1] educator and author who was "recognized as the greatest woman Classicist." She was 62 years old when The Greek Way, her first book, was published in 1930. It was instantly successful, and is the earliest expression of her belief in "the calm lucidity of the Greek mind" and "that the great thinkers of Athens were unsurpassed in their mastery of truth and enlightenment.



                                          Mythology.
        「Mythology.」的圖片搜尋結果
Mythology can refer to the collected myths of a group of people—their collection of stories they tell to explain nature, history, and customs[1]—or to the study of such myths.[2]

As a collection of explanatory stories, mythology is a vital feature of every culture. Many sources for myths have been proposed, ranging from personification of nature or personification of natural phenomena, to truthful or hyperbolic accounts of historical events to explanations of existing rituals. Although the term is complicated by its implicit condescension, mythologizing is not just an ancient or primitive practice, as shown by contemporary mythopoeia such as urban legends and the expansive fictional mythoi created by fantasy novels and comics. A culture's collective mythology helps convey belonging, shared and religious experiences, behavioral models, and moral and practical lessons.


           Declaration of Independence.
         「Declaration of Independence.」的圖片搜尋結果
declaration of independence or declaration of statehood is an assertion by a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another nation or failed nation, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence",[1] though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as rebellion, which may lead to a war of independence or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis.



                  Doubting Thomas.
            「Doubting Thomas.」的圖片搜尋結果
doubting Thomas is a skeptic who refuses to believe without direct personal experience—a reference to the Apostle Thomas, who refused to believe that the resurrected Jesus had appeared to the ten other apostles, until he could see and feel the wounds received by Jesus on the cross.
In art, the episode (formally called the Incredulity of Thomas) has been frequently depicted since at least the 5th century, with its depiction reflecting a range of theological interpretations.


                           Skeptic.
         「Skeptic.」的圖片搜尋結果
Philosophical skepticism (UK spelling scepticism; from Greek σκέψις skepsis, "inquiry") is both a philosophical school of thought and a method that crosses disciplines and cultures.
It is generally agreed that knowledge requires justification. It is not enough to have a true belief: one must also have good reasons for that belief. Skeptics claim that it is not possible to have an adequate justification.
Skepticism is not a single position but covers a range of different positions. In the ancient world there were two main skeptical traditions. Academic skepticism took the dogmatic position that knowledge was not possible; Pyrrhonian skeptics refused to take a dogmatic position on any issue—including skepticism. Radical skepticism ends in the paradoxical claim that one cannot know anything—including that one cannot know about knowing anything.


                   Apostle Thomas.
               「Apostle Thomas.」的圖片搜尋結果
Thomas the Apostle (called Didymus which means "the twin") was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, according to the New Testament. He is informally called doubting Thomas because he doubted Jesus' resurrection when first told (in the Gospel of John account only), followed later by his confession of faith, "My Lord and my God", on seeing Jesus' wounded body.
Traditional legend written centuries later claims he travelled outside the Roman Empire to preach the Gospel, travelling as far as Tamil Nadu and Kerala in present-day India.[2][4][5][6] According to undocumented traditions, the Apostle reached Muziris, (modern-day North Paravur and Kodungalloor in the state of KeralaIndia) in AD 52 and baptized several people, founding what today are known as Saint Thomas Christians or Nasranis. After his death, the reputed relics of Saint Thomas the Apostle were enshrined as far as Mesopotamia in the 3rd century, and later moved to various places.[7] In 1258, some of the relics were brought to Abruzzo in OrtonaItaly, where they have been held in the Church of Saint Thomas the Apostle.[8] He is often regarded as the Patron Saint of India,[9][10] and the name Thoma remains quite popular among Saint Thomas Christians of India.


                 Five Holy Wounds. 
              「Holy Wounds.」的圖片搜尋結果
In Christian tradition, the Five Holy Wounds or Five Sacred Wounds are the five piercing wounds Jesus suffered during the Crucifixion. The wounds have been the focus of particular devotions, especially in the late Middle Ages, and have often been reflected in church music and art.


        Constitutional Amendment. 「Constitutional Amendment」的圖片搜尋結果
constitutional amendment refers to the modification of the constitution of a nation or state. In many jurisdictions the text of the constitution itself is altered; in others the text is not changed, but the amendments change its effect. The method of modification is typically written into the constitution itself.
Most constitutions require that amendments cannot be enacted unless they have passed a special procedure that is more stringent than that required of ordinary legislation. Examples of such special procedures include supermajorities in the legislature, or direct approval by the electorate in a referendum, or even a combination of two or more different special procedures. A referendum to amend the constitution may also be triggered in some jurisdictions by popular initiative.


                             Right To Revolution.
          「Right To Revolution」的圖片搜尋結果 In political philosophy, the right of revolution is the right or duty of the people of a nation to overthrow a government that acts against their common interests and/or threatens the safety of the people without probable cause. Stated throughout history in one form or another, the belief in this right has been used to justify various revolutions, including the English Civil War, the American Revolution and the French Revolution.



                      Victor Hugo.         「Victor Hugo.」的圖片搜尋結果 Victor Marie Hugo (/ˈhjɡ/;[1] French: [viktɔʁ maʁi yɡo]; 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. He is considered one of the greatest and best-known French writers. Outside France, his best-known works are the novels Les Misérables, 1862, and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris), 1831. In France, Hugo is known primarily for his poetry collections, such as Les Contemplations (The Contemplations) and La Légende des siècles (The Legend of the Ages). He produced more than 4,000 drawings, and also campaigned for social causes such as the abolition of capital punishment.



           Robert Louis Stevenson.          「Robert Louis Stevenson」的圖片搜尋結果
Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson (13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist, and travel writer. His most famous works are Treasure IslandKidnappedStrange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and A Child's Garden of Verses.
A literary celebrity during his lifetime, Stevenson now ranks as the 26th most translated author in the world.[3] His works have been admired by many other writers, including Jorge Luis BorgesBertolt BrechtMarcel ProustArthur Conan DoyleHenry JamesCesare PaveseEmilio SalgariErnest HemingwayRudyard KiplingJack LondonVladimir Nabokov,[4] J. M. Barrie,[5] and G. K. Chesterton, who said of him that he "seemed to pick the right word up on the point of his pen, like a man playing spillikins".


  Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
                   「Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.」的圖片搜尋結果
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a novella by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson first published in 1886. The work is commonly known today as The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeDr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, or simply Jekyll & Hyde.[1] It is about a London lawyer named Gabriel John Utterson who investigates strange occurrences between his old friend, Dr. Henry Jekyll,[2][3] and the evil Edward Hyde. The novella's impact is such that it has become a part of the language, with the very phrase "Jekyll and Hyde" coming to mean a person who is vastly different in moral character from one situation to the next.[4][5]
There have been many audio recordings of the novella, with some of the more famous readers including Tom BakerRoger ReesChristopher LeeAnthony QuayleMartin JarvisTim Pigott-SmithJohn HurtIan Holm and Gene Lockhart.


    Once Upon A Dream Jekyll and Hyde.
                          


                      New York Jets.
            「New York Jets.」的圖片搜尋結果 The New York Jets are a professional American football team located in the New York metropolitan area. The Jets compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team is headquartered in Florham Park, New Jersey. In a unique arrangement for the league, the Jets share MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey with the New York Giants. The franchise is legally and corporately registered as New York Jets, LLC.



Vocabulary.

1. Fascinate.
「Fascinate」的圖片搜尋結果
Pronunciation: fæsɪˌneɪt 
Definition: verb (mainly tr)
1. to attract and delight by arousing interest or curiosity ⇒ his stories fascinated me for hours
2. to render motionless, as with a fixed stare or by arousing terror or awe
Example SentencesOr, deliberate, she would crouch and fascinate me with her eyes.
 2. Bore. 「Bore」的圖片搜尋結果
Definition: verb 
  1. to produce (a hole) in (a material) by use of a drill, auger, or other cutting tool
2. to increase the diameter of (a hole), as by an internal turning operation on a lathe or similar machine
Example SentencesEvery other likely surface in the flat bore a light scattering of powder.


3. Consent. 「Consent」的圖片搜尋結果
Pronunciation: kənˈsɛnt
Definition: verb
1. to give assent or permission (to do something); agreeaccede

2. (intransitive) obsolete to be in accord; agree in opinionfeelings, etc
Example Sentences: felt violated that he would do such a thing without my consent.



4. Dictator.
「Dictator」的圖片搜尋結果
Pronunciation: dɪkˈteɪtə
Definition:  noun
1. 
a. ruler who is not effectively restricted by a constitution, laws, recognized opposition, etc
b. an absolute, esp tyrannical, ruler
2. (in ancient Rome) a person appointed during a crisis to exercise supreme authority

Example SentencesFive years ago a band of malcontents, mainly half-educated communistsseized power, killing dictator Daud.

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