2016年10月8日 星期六

Week 02 English Vocabulary and Etymology

                     Student orientation.

             「Student orientation」的圖片搜尋結果

Student orientation or new student orientation (often encapsulated into an Orientation week, Frosh Week, Welcome Week or Freshers's Week) is a period of time at the beginning of the academic year at a university of other tertiary institution during which a variety of events are held to orient and welcome new students. The name of the period varies by country.

                  English Language.

                     「English Language」的圖片搜尋結果

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, it ultimately derives its name from the Anglia (Angeln) peninsula in the Baltic Sea. English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. It is most commonly spoken language in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand, and is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean, Africa, and South Asia. It is third most common native language in the world, after Mandarin and Spanish. It is the third most widely learned second language and an official language of the United Nations, of the European Union, and of many other world and regional international organisations. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo- European branch.

                            Etymology.

                       「Etymology」的圖片搜尋結果

Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time. By extension, the term "the change (of a word)" means the origin of the particular word. For a the Greek with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were during earlier periods of their history and when they entered the languages in question. Etymologists also apply the methods of comparative linguistics to reconstruct information about languages that are too old for any direct information to be available.

                                 
                                  Prefix.

             「prefix」的圖片搜尋結果

A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. Adding it to the beginning of one word changes it into another word. For example, when the prefix un- is added to the word happy, it creates the word unhappy. Particularly in the study of languages, a prefix is also called a preformative, because it alters the form of the words to which it is affixed.


                                     Root.

               「prefix」的圖片搜尋結果

A root, or a root word, is a word that does not have a prefix (in front of the word) or a suffix (at the end of a word). The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of a word family (root is then called base word), which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Content words in nearly all languages contain, and may consist only of root morphemes. However, sometimes the term "root" is also used to describe the word minus its inflectional endings, but with its lexical endings in place. For example, chatters has the inflectional root or lemma chatter, but the lexical root chat. Inflectional roots are often called stems, and a root in the stricter sense may be thought of as a monomorphemic stem.

                
                                 Suffix.

                          「suffix」的圖片搜尋結果

In linguistics, a suffix (also sometimes termed postfix or ending) is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Particularly in the study of Semitic languages, a suffix is called an afformative, as they can alter the form of the words. In Indo- European studies, a distinction is made between suffixes and endings (see Proto- Indo- European root). A word final segment that is somewhere between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is known as a suffixoid or a semi- suffix (e.g. English -like or German -freundlich 'friendly').


                        Cupid and Psyche.

                            「Cupid and Psyche」的圖片搜尋結果

Cupid and Psyche is a story originally from Metamorphoses (also called The Golden Ass), written in the 2nd century AD by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis (or Platonicus). It concerns the overcoming of obstacles to the love between Psyche and Cupid or Amor, and their ultimate union in a sacred marriage. Although the only extended narrative from antiquity is that of Apuleius, Eros and Psyche appear in Greek art as early as the 4th century BC. The story's Neoplatonic elements and allusions to mystery religions accommodate multiple interpretations, and it has been analyzed as an allegory and in light of folktale, Marchen or fairy tale, and myth.


                          Samuel Johnson.

                               「Samuel Johnson」的圖片搜尋結果

Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709 [O.S. 7 September] - 13 December 1784), often referred to as Dr Johnson, was an English writer who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson was a devout Anglican and committed Tory, and is described by the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history". He is also the subject of perhaps the most famous biography in literature, namely The Life of Samuel Johnson by James Boswell.

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