2015年12月26日 星期六

Week 15

Bible: The Old Testament



Origin of the Bible.
     The Bible is one of the world's oldest books.Its oldest sections were written about the birth of Christ.Even its newest sections were written about 1900 years ago.One of the most important facts about the Bible is that those who wrote it did not claim to be the source of the ideas they wrote about.For example,one of the writers,Paul, made this statement:All Scripture[i.e.:the Bible]is inspired by God and profitable for teaching,for reproof,for correction, for training in righteousness;that the man of God may be adequate;equipped for every good work.

The Old Testament Books.



     The Old Testament is the first section of the Christian Bible, based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible , a collection of religious writings by ancient Israelites. It is the counterpart to the New Testament, the second portion of the Cristian Bible.The Old Testament canon varies between Christian Churches;Protestants and Latter-Day Saints accept only the books found in the canon of the Hebrew Bible,dividing them into 39 books,while the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox,and Oriental Orthodox Churches accept somewhat larger collections of writings. The Bible is a whole library bound up in one volume.The word"BIBLE"means"BOOKS",and altogether there are 66 books in the Bible:


THE OLD TESTAMENT
(Genesis to Malachi)
39 BOOKS
THE NEW TESTAMENT
(Matthew to Revelation)
27 BOOKS
Total
66 BOOKS
IN THE BIBLE

A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens.



    A Christmas Carol in Prose,Being a Ghost-Story Of Christmas,commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens,first published in London by Chapman&Hall on 19 December 1843.The novella met with instant success and critical acclaim.A Christmas Carol tells the story of a bitter old miser named Ebenezer Scrooge and his transformation into a gentler,kindlier man after visitations by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past,Present and Yet to Come.

   The book  was written at a time when the British were examining and exploring Christmas traditions from the past as well as new customs such as Christmas cards and Christmas trees.Carol singing took a new lease on life during this time.A Chistmas Carol remains popularhaving never been out of print—and has been adapted many times to film,stage,opera,and other media.



This picture is showed about the Books A Christmas Carol's first edition cover on 1843 by author Charles Dickens.



19th December 1843: A Christmas Carol first published


Vocabulary.

1.Scrooge:守財奴



2.Secular:世俗


3.Religious:宗教



4.Gay:快樂的,同性戀


5.Bough:大樹枝



6.Bow Tie:蝶形領結




7.Fresco:壁畫




8.Crucifixion:刑罰,苦難




9.Parables:預言


10.Resurrection:復活



11.Genesis:起源


12.Providence:深謀遠慮

13.Enlightment:啟蒙

14.Clay:黏土

15.Dust Ash:除塵灰



16.Ribs:肋骨





A Song is about "Have yourself a Merry Little Christmas" is sing by Viktor Kiraly.



              Viktor Kiraly- Have yourself a Merry Little Christmas



Meet me in St-Louise



    This article is about the 1944 film.Meet Me in St.Louis is a 1944 musical film from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer which tells the story of an American family living in St.Louis at the time of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's Fair in 1904.
    The movie was adapted bu Irving Brecher and Fred F.Finkleoffe from a series of short stories by Sally Benson, orginally published in The New Yorker magazine under the little"5135 Kensington", and later in novel from as Meet Me in St.Louis.The film was directed by Vincente Minnelli,who met Garland on the set and later married her.It was the second-highest grossing picture of the year,only behind Going My Way.

                                         From Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia


Abraham.



     This article is about the biblical Abraham.Abraham ,birth name Abram, is the first of the three biblical patriarches. His story, told in chapters 11 through 25 of the Book of Genesis, plays a prominent role in Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the Bahaj.Faith.
     According to Jewish tradition and the Bible's internal chronology,Abraham was born in the year 1948 from Creation (1813 BCE). To date, there has been little if any archaeological or other scientific evidence to confirm or disconfirm his existence at the time. Scholars variously consider Abraham to have lived as late as the seventh century BCE, or that he is a later,literary construct and not a historical person. Potentially, excavation of his traditional burial site, the Cave of the Patriarchs at Hebron, along with carbon dating and/or DNA analysis from the bodies in comparison with the shared Y-chromosomal genes among Jewish and Arab people,his patriarchal offspring by tradition, could provide confirming or disconfirming evidence of his existence and chronology.
                                                     
                                    From Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia
Sarah.



   Sarah or Sara was the wife and half sister of Abraham and the mother of Isaac as described in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran. Her name was originally Sarai. According to Genesis 17:15, God changed her name to Sarah as part of a convenant after Hagar bore Abraham his first son, Ishmael. The Hebrew name Sarah indicates a woman of high rank and is translaed as"princess"or "noblewoman".
                                                    From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Isaac.



    Isaac as described in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran, was the second son of Abraham, the only son Abraham had with his wife Sarah, and the father of Jacob and Esau.According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham was 100 year old when Isaac was born, and Sarah was past 90. According to the Genesis narrative,Abraham brought Issac to Mount Moriah where at God's command, Abraham built a sacrificial altar to sacrifice Issac. This event served as a test of Abraham's faith.At the last moment an angel stopped him.
                                    From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia     

2015年12月18日 星期五

Week 14

首本文學批評(西方文學理論):Aristotle's Poetics



Introduction of Aristotle's poetics (384-322 B.C.B)


Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, making contributions to logic, metaphysics,mathematics,physics,biology,ethics,politics,agriculture,medicine,dance and theatre.He was a student of Plato who in turn studied under Socrates.He was more empirically minded than Plato or Socrates and is famous for rejecting Plato's theory of forms. In his lifetime,Aristotle wrote as many as 200 treatises, of which only 31 survive.Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics,biology, and ethics.Some of these classifications are still used today.

Vocabulary.

1.Sexual strike:性罷工

2.Deceithful:欺騙的

3.Masturbation:手淫,自慰

4.Self Abuse:自暴自棄

5.Abstinence:節制,禁食

6.Naked Handmaid:裸體的婢女

7.Desperate:令人絕望的

8.Farce:鬧劇,笑劇




9.Platonic Academy:柏拉圖學院




10.Socrates:蘇格拉底(古希臘哲學家)




11.Plato's Dialogues:柏拉圖的對話



12.Dramatic Theory:戲劇理論




13.Literary Theory:文學理論






14. Mimesis:(生物)擬態,模仿


Mimesis, "to imitate,"from(mimos),"imitator,actor")is a critical and philosophical term that carries a wide range of meanings,which imitation, representation, mimicry, imitatio, receptivity, nonsensuous similarity, the act of resembling, the act of expression, and the presentation of the self.

15.Imitations:模仿

16.Spectacle:精彩的表演

17.Tragic Hero:悲劇英雄

18.Tragic Flaw:悲劇性缺陷

19.Hamartia:悲劇性的弱點

      Harmartia, is about classical Greek term. For medical term,see 
Harmartia (medical term).The term hamartia derives from the Greek, which means"to miss the mark" or "to err".It is most often 
associated with Greek tragedy, although it is also used in Christian theology.

20.Metaphor: 隱喻

21.Point of View:觀點

22.Omniscient:無所不知的

23.Oedipus Rex:俄狄浦斯王(電影名)




24.Katharsis:淨化

25.Past Violence:過去的暴力

2015年12月11日 星期五

Week 13

Aristophanes' Lysistrata

Introduction of Aristophanes.
Aristophanes was a prolific and much acclaimed comic playwright of ancient Greece,sometimes referred to as the Father of Comedy.Eleven of his forty plays have come down to us virtually complete (along with up to with 1,000 brief fragments of other works), and are the only real examples we have of a genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy.Aristophanes' works recreate the ,life of ancient Athens perhaps more convincingly than those of any other author,although his biting satire and ridicule of his contemporaries often came close to slander.





Introduction of  Lysistrata.
"Lysistrata" is a bawdy anti-war comedy by the ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes,first staged in 411 BCE. It is the comic account of one woman's extraordinary mission to end the Peloponnesian War, as Lysistrata convinces the women of Greece to withhold sexual privileges from their husbands as a means of forcing the men to negotiate a peace.Some cosider it his greatest work, and it is probably the most anthologized.




Vocabulary.

1.Doctor Faustus:浮士德博士 (小說書名)



2.Dramatic Irony:(戲劇中人物未察覺但是觀眾                                可以領會的)喜劇性諷示(等於                               tragic irony)



3.Promiscuous:混雜的

4.Applaud:贊同

5.Pride:自豪

6.Ideal Spectator:理想的觀眾

7.Audience:觀眾




8.Purple Robes:紫色的長袍



9.Tragic Irony:戲劇性反語

10.Sarcasm:嘲笑

11.Attendants:服務員,眾侍從




12.Boughs:大樹枝



13.Vengeance:復仇

14.Led:領導

15.Pitiable:可憐的

16.Defiled:污損的






2015年12月5日 星期六

Week 12

Euripides' Medea

Introduction of Euripides.
Euripides was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Greece(the other two being Aeschylus and Sophocles).Largely due to an accident of history,eighteen of Euripides' ninety-five plays have survived in a complete form, along with fragments(some substantial)of many of his other plays.He is known primarily for having reshaped the formal structure of traditional Greek tragedy by showing strong female characters and intelligent slaves,and by satirizing many heroes of Greek mythology. He is considered to be the most socially critical of all the ancient Greek tragedians,and his plays seem quite modern in comparison with those of his contemporaries.




Introduction of Medea.
Medea,The role of women in the art of Ancient Greek.Medea lived in the period just before the Trojan War,about 1200 B.C.E,if in fact she was  a mortal.She may have been  a goddess and there is some indication that she was worshipped as such.She was the daughter of Aeetes,king of Colchis,and his wife Eidya. Eidya was the grandaughter of Helios and sister to Circe.When Jason came to Colchis after the golden fleece. Medea fell in love with him.Medea used her powers to help Jason and fled with him to Greece.she used herbs to restore Jason's father to health,and she used this example to kill his persecutor Pelias in Lolchus.Medea and Jason were driven from Lolchus and settled in Corinth.Jason became invloved with the princess of Corinth and Medea, in a jealous rage ,killed the princess,the king and her own children.




Vocabulary.

1.Assemblies:集合


2.Orchestra:管弦樂隊





3.Argo:Jason求取金羊毛所乘之船

4.Colchis:科爾基斯




5.Golden Fleece:金羊毛(希臘神話中出現的一件寶物)



6.Barbarian:野蠻人

7.Aeson:埃宋





8.Argonauts:阿爾戈英雄(指希臘神話中跟隨伊阿宋乘坐快                          船“阿爾戈”取金羊毛的50位英雄)




9.Pelias:珀利阿斯(約爾科斯國王)




10.Capture:俘虜

11.Contemporary:同時代的人


12.Turmoil:混亂


13.Controversial:有爭議的


14.Cleverness:聰明


15.Wrangling:爭吵


16.Purgation:洗罪


17.Brutes:人面獸心的人


18.Lustful:貪慾的


19.Myths:神話


20.Fleece:羊毛


21.Enchantress:女巫





22.Sorceress:女魔法師




23.Heroine:女英雄

24.Chaos:混沌


25.Robe:禮服


26.Confidental:機密的


27.Fido dido:七喜小子





28.Fidelity:忠誠

29.Lament:悲痛之情


30.Aristophanes:阿里斯多芬尼斯(古希臘早期喜劇代表作家,詩人)















2015年11月28日 星期六

Week 11

Sophocles Oedipus the King



Vocabulary:

1.narrative:敘述

2.drama:戲劇




3.Classic Athenian: 經典的雅典



4.generic:一般的

5.Thalia:塔利亞(希臘神話中的繆斯之一)


6.Melpomene:墨爾波墨(悲劇女神)

7.Improvisation:即興創作
:

8.Satyr play:羊人劇

9. Semele:塞墨勒(卡德墨斯之女)

10.mortal:人類,凡人

11.patroness:女主顧


12.Thespis:泰斯庇斯(古希臘詩人)

13.Rennovation:革新

14.Chorus:合唱團



15.Greek Chorus:希臘合唱團



16.Dithyrambic:熱情洋溢的

17.Peloponnesian War:伯羅奔尼撒戰爭(在公元前431到公元前                                          前404年間,斯巴達和雅典之間爆發                                               的戰爭)

18.Old Comedy:舊喜劇



19.Catharsis:精神發洩

20.invokes:祈求

21.provoke:驅使

22.Paradoxical:矛盾的

23.Elizabethans:伊麗莎白時代的英國人(有指作家,劇作家和                              詩人等)




24.Tragicomic:悲喜劇的



25.Inauguration:開幕式



26.Bacchus:酒神巴克斯

27.Sympathy;同情

28.The Great Gatsby:了不起的蓋茨比 (美國小說)



29.Exempt:豁免

30.Gestures:姿勢



31.Extraordinary:非凡的

32.plague:災禍