Week 11 English Children's Literature

                  To Kill A Mockingbird.

                           

To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.

The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novel's impact by writing, "In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism."^[1]

As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.

         To Kill A Mockingbird Video Clip.

                           Harper Lee.

               

                       

Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926 – February 19, 2016), better known by her pen name Harper Lee, was an American novelist widely known for To Kill a Mockingbird, published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature.^[1] Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She was also known for assisting her close friend Truman Capote in his research for the book In Cold Blood(1966).^[2] Capote was the basis for the character Dill in To Kill a Mockingbird.^[3]

                      Godiva Chocolatier.

       

                           

Godiva Chocolatier is a manufacturer of premium fine chocolates and related products. Godiva, founded in Belgium in 1926, was purchased by the Turkish Yıldız Holding, owner of the Ülker Group, on November 20, 2007.^[1][2][3][4] Godiva owns and operates more than 600 retail boutiques and shops in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia and is available via over 10,000 speciality retailers.^[5]

In addition to chocolates, Godiva also sells truffles, coffee, cocoa, biscuits, dipped fruits and sweets, chocolate liqueur, shakes, wedding and party favors and other items arranged in gift baskets. Godiva's signature package is the Gold Ballotin (French for "small, cardboard box of chocolates"). Godiva also produces seasonal and limited-edition chocolates with special packaging for major holidays. Godiva also has license agreements for the production of ice cream, cheesecake, coffee pods and liqueur that comes in several chocolate-related flavors. Products are also available in sugar-free and Kosher varieties.

                          Lady Godiva .

                            

Godiva, Countess of Mercia (/ɡəˈdaɪvə/; d.–1067), in Old English Godgifu, was an English noblewoman who, according to a legend dating at least to the 13th century, rode naked – covered only in her long hair – through the streets of Coventry to gain a remission of the oppressive taxation that her husband imposed on his tenants. The name "Peeping Tom" for a voyeur originates from later versions of this legend in which a man named Tom watched her ride and was struck blind or dead.

                    Doubting Thomas.

                   

A doubting Thomas is a skeptic who refuses to believe without direct personal experience—a reference to the Apostle Thomas, who refused to believe that the resurrected Jesus had appeared to the ten other apostles, until he could see and feel the wounds received by Jesus on the cross.

In art, the episode (formally called the Incredulity of Thomas) has been frequently depicted since at least the 5th century, with its depiction reflecting a range of theological interpretations.

Vocabulary.

1. Malevolent.


Definition.
1. wishing or appearing to wish evil to others; malicious
2. astrology having an evil influence.

Example Sentences.
1. His flesh crawled, as if the soft night were studded with unfriendly, even malevolent eyes, watching her every movement.

2. Benevolent.


Definition.
1. intending or showing goodwill; kindly; friendly
2. doing good or giving aid to others,rather than making profit; charitable

Example Sentences.
1. They have been the most patient and benevolent as well as astute of midwives.


3. Intention.


Definition.
1. a purpose or goal; aim
2. law the resolve or design with which a person does or refrains from doing an act, a necessary ingredient of certain offences.

Example Sentences.
1. She had not intention of telling the doctor what her dreams were about.


4. Malicious.


Definition,
1. characterized by malice.
2. motivated by wrongful, vicious, or mischievous purposes.

Example Sentences.
1. In the mouth aperture of the balaclava, his teeth gleamed in a malicious smile.


5. Malignant Tumor.


Definition.
1. having or showing desire to harm others
2. tending to cause great harm; injurious

Examples Sentences.
1. Mr. Nick huddled on the steps like some malignant guardian spirit.


6. Beneficiary.


Definition.
1. a person who gains or benefits in some way from something.
2. law a person entitled to receive funds or other property under a trust, will, or insurance policy.

Example Sentences.
1. I was the sole heir to the logic in my head: sole heir and beneficiary.


7. Attorney.



Definition.
1. a person legally appointed or empowered to act for another
2. US a lawyer qualified to represent clients in legal proceedings.

Examples Sentences.
1. It was full of important stuff that an up-to-date attorney was truly obligated to know.


8. Victim.


Definition.
1. a person or thing that suffers harm, death, etc, from another or from some adverse act, circumstance
2. a person who is tricked or swindled; dupe

Example Sentences.
1. Stephanie didn't know why Magenta House had chosen him to be Petra's second victim.

Week 11 English Vocabulary and Etymology

                                             Week 25 - 27

          A.E.Housman (1859-1936).
                  
Alfred Edward Housman (/ˈhaʊsmən/; 26 March 1859 – 30 April 1936), usually known as A. E. Housman, was an English classical scholar and poet, best known to the general public for his cycle of poems A Shropshire Lad. Lyrical and almost epigrammatic in form, the poems wistfully evoke the dooms and disappointments of youth in the English countryside.^[1] Their beauty, simplicity and distinctive imagery appealed strongly to late Victorian and Edwardian taste, and to many early 20th-century English composers both before and after the First World War. Through their song-settings, the poems became closely associated with that era, and with Shropshire itself.



                                             A.Shropshire Lad.
                            

A Shropshire Lad is a collection of sixty-three poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman (26 March 1859 – 30 April 1936). Some of the better-known poems in the book are "To an Athlete Dying Young", "Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now", "The Lent Lily" and "When I Was One-and-Twenty".

The collection was published in 1896. Housman originally titled the book The Poems of Terence Hearsay, referring to a character there, but changed the title at the suggestion of his publisher.

           When I was one and twenty.
           
When I Was One-and-Twenty, or Poem XIII, is the informal name of an untitled poem by A. E. Housman, published in A Shropshire Lad in 1896. It is the thirteenth in a cycle of 63 poems. One of Housman's most familiar poems, it is untitled but often anthologised under a title taken from its first line. The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations includes fourteen of its sixteen lines. Housman's New York Times obituary mentioned the poem: "Typical of his lyrics is the poem which has thrilled the world where English is spoken."^[1] Its subject matter, "then and now" temporal perspective, meter, and narrative structure within each verse parallel those of William Butler Yeats' Down by the Salley Gardens, itself a reworking of The Rambling Boys of Pleasure.

                   Edgar Allan Poe.
           
Edgar Allan Poe (/poʊ/; born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and American literature as a whole, and he was one of the country's earliest practitioners of the short story. Poe is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre and is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction.^[1] He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.

                       The Raven.
.                                 
"The Raven" is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe. First published in January 1845, the poem is often noted for its musicality, stylized language, and supernatural atmosphere. It tells of a talking raven's mysterious visit to a distraught lover, tracing the man's slow fall into madness. The lover, often identified as being a student,^[1][2] is lamenting the loss of his love, Lenore. Sitting on a bust of Pallas, the raven seems to further instigate his distress with its constant repetition of the word "Nevermore". The poem makes use of a number of folk, mythological, religious, and classical references.

           The Philosophy of Composition.
                
"The Philosophy of Composition" is an 1846 essay written by American writer Edgar Allan Poe that elucidates a theory about how good writers write when they write well. He concludes that length, "unity of effect" and a logical method are important considerations for good writing. He also makes the assertion that "the death... of a beautiful woman" is "unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world". Poe uses the composition of his own poem "The Raven" as an example. The essay first appeared in the April 1846 issue of Graham's Magazine. It is uncertain if it is an authentic portrayal of Poe's own method.


                        Interstellar.
         
Interstellar is a 2014 epic science fiction film co-written, co-produced and directed by Christopher Nolan. The film stars Matthew McConaughey, Anne Hathaway, Jessica Chastain, Matt Damon, and Michael Caine. In the film, a crew of astronauts travel through a wormhole in search of a new home for humanity. Brothers Christopher and Jonathan Nolan wrote the screenplay, which has its origins in a script Jonathan developed in 2007. Nolan produced the film with his wife Emma Thomas through their production company Syncopy and with Lynda Obst through Lynda Obst Productions. Caltech theoretical physicist Kip Thorne, whose work inspired the film, was an executive producer and acted as scientific consultant. Later, he also wrote a tie-in book, The Science of Interstellar. Warner Bros., Paramount Pictures, and Legendary Pictures co-financed the film.

                    Dylan Thomas.
          
Dylan Marlais Thomas (27 October 1914 – 9 November 1953) was a Welsh poet and writer whose works include the poems "Do not go gentle into that good night" and "And death shall have no dominion"; the 'play for voices' Under Milk Wood; and stories and radio broadcasts such as A Child's Christmas in Wales and Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog. He became widely popular in his lifetime and remained so after his premature death at the age of 39 in New York City. By then he had acquired a reputation, which he had encouraged, as a "roistering, drunken and doomed poet".

     Do not gentle into that good night.
                 

"Do not go gentle into that good night" is a poem in the form of a villanelle, and the most famous work of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953).^[1] Though first published in the journal Botteghe Oscure in 1951,^[2] it was actually written in 1947 when he was in Florence with his family. It was published, along with other stories previously written, as part of his In Country Sleep, And Other Poems in 1952.^[1]

It has been suggested that it was written for Thomas' dying father, although he did not die until just before Christmas 1952.^[3] It has no title other than its first line, "Do not go gentle into that good night", a line which appears as a refrain throughout. Its other refrain is "Rage, rage against the dying of the light".

                       T. S. Eliot.
         
Thomas Stearns Eliot OM (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965) was a British essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic, and "one of the twentieth century's major poets".^[2] He moved from his native United States to England in 1914 at the age of 25, settling, working, and marrying there. He was eventually naturalised as a British subject in 1927 at the age of 39, renouncing his American citizenship.


                Journey of the magi.
         
Journey of the Magi is a 43-line poem written in 1927 by T. S. Eliot (1888–1965). It is one of five poems that Eliot contributed for a series of 38 pamphlets by several authors collectively titled Ariel poems and released by British publishing house Faber and Gwyer (later, Faber and Faber). Published in August 1927, "Journey of the Magi" was the eighth in the series and was accompanied by illustrations drawn by American-born avant garde artist Edward McKnight Kauffer (1890–1954).^[1] The poems, including "Journey of the Magi", were later published in both editions of Eliot's collected poems in 1936 and 1963.


        What Child is this with lyrics .
             



Vocabulary.
1. Apostrophe.

Pronunciation: əˈpɒstrəfɪ

Definition: noun

the punctuation mark ' used to indicate the omission of a letter or number, such as he's for he has or he is, also used in English to form the possessive, as in John's father and twentypounds' worth

Example Sentences: She turned the muzzle slightly and blasted out the apostrophe on the sign.

2. Myrrh.

Pronunciation: mɜː

Definition: noun

1. any of several burseraceous trees and shrubs of the African and S Asian genus Commiphora, esp C. myrrha, that exude an aromatic resin. 

Example Sentences: His words leaked into her head like myrrh -- exotic, nearly meaningless, except her insides quivered at them.