Week 10

Poetry 1: Reading, Responding, Writing.

Defining poetry:

-Archibald Macleish's "Ars Poetica"



Achibald MacLeish (May 7, 1892 - April 20, 1982) was an American poet, writer, and the Librarian of Congress. He is associated with the Modernist school of poetry. He received three Pulitzer Prizes for his work. MacLeish was born in Glencoe, lllinois. His father, Scottish born Andrew MacLeish, worked as a dry goods merchant. His mother, Martha (nee Hillard), was a college professor and had served as president of Rockford College. He grew up on an estate bordering Lake Michigan. He attented the Hotchkiss School from 1907 to 1911 before entering Yale University, where he majored in English, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and was selected for the Skull and Bones society. MacLeish 's early work was very traditionally modernist and accepted the contemporary modernist position holding that a poet was isolated from society. His most well- known poem, "Ars Poetica," contain a classic statement of the modernist aesthetic: "A poem should not mean / But he."

                                                                               From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



-Marianne Moore’s "Poetry" 



Marianne Craig Moore (November 15, 1887 - February 5, 1972) was an American Modernist poet, critic, translator, and editor. Her poetry is noted for formal innovation, precise diction, irony, and wit. Moore was born in Kirkwood, Missouri, in the manse of the Presbyterian church where her maternal grandfather, John Riddle Warner, served as pastor. Her parents separated before she was born after her father, John Milton Moore, a mechanical engineer and inventor, suffered a psychotic episode; Moore never met him. Moore's first professionally published poems appeared in The Egoist and Poetry in the spring of 1915. Harriet Monroe, the editor of the latter, would describe them in her biography as possessing "an elliptically musical profundity".

                                                                                  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



William Shakespeare’s sonnet: "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?"



Sonnet 18, often alternatively titled Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?, is one of the best- known of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. Part of the Fair Youth sequence (which comprises sonnets 1- 126 in the accepted numbering stemming from the first edition in 1609), it is the first of the cycle after the opening sequence now described as the procreation sonnets. In the sonnet, the speaker compares his beloved to the summer season, and argues that his beloved is better. Scholars have found parallels within the poem to Ovid's Tristia and Amores, both of which have love themes. Sonnet 18 is written in the typical Shakespearean sonnet form, having 14 lines of iambic pentameter ending in a rhymed couplet.

                                                                                        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia




SONNET 18 "Shall I Compare Thee To Summer's Day

Narrative Poetry: Edward Arlington Robinson’s “Richard  

                                  Cory”

"Richard Cory" is a narrative poem written by Edwin Arlington Robinson. It was first published in 1897, as part of The Children of the Night, having been completed in July of that year; and it remains one of Robinson's most popular and anthologized poems. The poem describes a person who is wealthy, well educated, mannerly, admired by the people in his town. Despite all this, he takes his own life. The song "Richard Cory", written by Paul Simon and recorded by Simon & Garfunkel for their second studio album, Sounds of Silence, was based on this poem. The composition of the poem, while the United States economy was still suffering from the several depression of the Panic of 1893 and during which people often subsisted on day- old bread, alluded to in the poem's prominence of  poverty and wealth, and foodstuffs.

                                                                                From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lyric Poetry: William Wordsworth's "I wandered lonely as a                            cloud"

"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" (also commonly known as "Daffodils") is a lyric poem by William Wordsworth. It is Wordsworth's most famous work. The poem was inspired by an event on 15 April 1802, in which Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy came across a "long belt" of daffodils. Written some time between 1804 and 1807 (in 1804 by Wordsworth's own account), it was first published in 1807 in Poems in Two Volumes, and a revised version was published in 1815.

                                                                             From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



The Dramatic Monologue: Bruce Springsteen's Nebraska



"Nebraska" is the title song of Bruce Springsteen's 1982 solo album. The stark, moody composition sets the tone for the LP, content of which consists mostly of songs about criminals and desperate people, accompanied only by acoustic guitar and harmonica. The song has been covered by other artists, including Steve Earle and Chrissie Hynde. "Nebraska" is sung as a first person narrative of Charles Starkweather, who along with his teenage girlfriend Caril Ann Fugate murdered 11 people over an eight- day period in 1958. Springsteen sings of 10 deaths, as Starkweather had already killed one man prior to their meeting.
                                                                             From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Bruce Springsteen- Nebraska (live &lyrics).

                                                   

Shakespearean.



William Shakespearean (26 April 1564(baptised) - 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet, and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of an other playwright.
                                                                             
                                                                                    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia




Bartleby, the Scrivener.




"Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street" is a short story by the American writer Herman Melville, first serialized anonymously in two parts in the November and December 1853 issues of Putnam's Magazine, and reprinted with minor textual alterations in his The Piazza Tales in 1856. A Wall Street lawyer hires a new clerk who- after an initial bout of hard work- refuses to make copy and any other task required of him, with the words "I would prefer not to." The lawyer cannot bring himself to remove Bartleby from his premises, and decides instead to move his office, but the new proprietor removes Bartleby to prison, where he perishes.

                                                                               From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Hyperbole.



Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. In rhetoric, it is also sometimes known as auxesis (lit. "growth"). In poetry and oratory, it emphasizes, evokes strong feelings, and creates strong impressions. As a figure of speech, it is usually not meant to be taken literally. Hyperbole may also be used for instances of such exaggerations for emphasis or effect. Hyperboles are often used in casual speech as intensifiers, such as saying "the bag weighed a ton". Hyperbole makes the point that the speaker found the bag to be extremely heavy, although it was nothing like a literal ton. Understanding hyperboles and their use in context can further one's ability to understand the messages being sent from the speaker. It has been established that use of hyperboles  relays emotions. Hyperbole can used in a form of humour, excitement; distress, and many other emotions, all depending on the context in which the speaker uses it.

                                                                              From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Raven.



A raven is one of several larger- bodied members of the genus Corvus. These species do not form a single taxonomic group within the genus, but share similar characteristcs and appearances that generally separate them from other crows. The largest raven species are the common raven and the thick- billed raven. The term "raven" originally referred to the common raven, the type species of the genus Corvus, which has a larger distribution than any other species of Corvus, ranging over much of the Norton Hemisphere.

                                                                               From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Omen.



An omen (also called portent or presage) is a phenomenon that is believed to foretell the future, often signifying the advent of change. People in the ancient times believed that omens lie with a divine message from their gods. These omens include natural phenomena, for example an eclipse, freak births of animals and humans and behavior of the sacrificial lamb on its way to the slaughter. They had specialists, the diviners, to interpret these omens. They would also use an artificial method, for example, a clay model of a sheep liver, to communicate with their gods in time of crisis. Though the word "omen" is usually devoid of reference to the change's nature, hence being possibly either "good" or "bad," the term is more often used in a foreboding sense, as with word "ominous".

                                                                              From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia




Scarecrow.



A scarecrow or hay-man is a decoy or mannequin in the shape of a human. It is usually dressed in old clothes and placed in open fields to discourage birds such as crows or sparrows from disturbing and feeding on recently cast seed and growing crops. Machinery of various kinds, such as wind- mills in miniature, horse rattles, etc., to be put in motion by the wind, are often employed to frighten crows; but with all these they soon become familiar, when they cease to be of any use whatever. The most effectual method of banishing them from a field, as far as experience goes, is to combine with one or other of the scarecrows in vogue the frequent use of the musket.

                                                                               From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Dove Olive.





Dove, usually white in color, are used in a variety of settings as symbols of love, peace or as messengers. Doves appear in the symbolism of Judaism, Christianity and Paganism, and of both military and pacifist groups. A number of peace symbols have been used many ways in various cultures and contexts. The dove and olive branch was used symbolically by early Christians and then eventually became a secular peace symbol, popularized by Pablo Picasso after World War 2. In the 1950s the "peace sign", as it is known today, was designed as the logo for the British Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and adopted by anti- war and counterculture activists in the United States and elsewhere. 

                                                                                 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Vocabulary.

1. Tone:  語氣；色調；音調
                




2. Franchise: 特權；公民權；經銷權




3. Fragile: 脆的；易碎的





4. Sestet: 六重唱曲；六行詩節




5. Iambic Pentameter: 抑揚格五音步





6. Dactyl: 強弱弱格 （希臘. 拉丁詩歌），長短短長（英國詩                        歌）




7. Trigonometry: 三角法；三角學




8. Astronomy: 天文學




9. Nominate: 提名，推薦；指定





10. Personification: 人格化；【修辭學】擬人法





11. Figure of Speech: 比喻修辭手段；修辭學





12. Description: 記敘，敘述，描寫；記載




13. Prescription: 【醫學】藥方，處方
                               【法律】（依據傳統或長期使用等而）要求                                                   權利






14. Proscription: 公權剝奪，禁止；放逐；【古羅馬】宣佈...                                  為公敵的公告





15.Daffodils: 洋水仙





16. Free Verse: （不受格律約束的）自由詩





17. Sarcasm: 諷刺，譏諷，挖苦

Week 09

                       
                                             

                                                  Mid term exam.




                        

Week 08

Fiction 6: Exploring Contexts

William Faulkner - "A Rose for Emily"



Before write this week 's note, first read this blog about "A Rose For Emily".It will be help you to strengthen the impression.

文學~1分鐘讀懂William Faulkner: A Rose for Emily




"A Rose for Emily" is a short story by American author William Faulkner first published in April 30, 1930 issue of The Forum. The story takes place in Faulkner's fictional city, Jefferson, Mississippi, in the fictional county of Yoknapatawpha County. It was Faulkner's first short story published in a national magazine.

                                                                                          From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Creative Writing.

Creative writing is any writing that goes outside the bounds of normal professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on narrative craft, character development, and the use of literary tropes or with various traditions of poetry and poetics. Due to the looseness of the definition, it is possible for writing  such as feature stories to be considered creative writing,even though they fall under journalism, because the content of feature is specifically focused on narrative and character development.

                                                                                    
                                                                                From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

John Gardner - Grendel (novel).

Grendel is a 1971 novel by American writer author John Gardner. It is a retelling of part of the Old English poem Beowulf from the perspective of the antagonist, Grendel. In the novel, Grendel is portrayed as an antihero. The novel deals with finding meaning in the world, the power of literature and myth, and the nature of good and evil. Grendel has become one of Gardner 's best known and reviewed works. Several editions of the novel contain pen and ink line drawings of Grendel's head, by Emil Antonucci. Ten years after publication, the novel was adapted into the 1981 animated movie Grendel Grendel Grendel.

                                                                                       From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

John Barth.



John Simmons Barth (born May 27, 1930) is an American writer, best known for his postmodernist and metafictional fiction. John Barth, called "Jack", was born in Cambridge, Maryland. Barth began his career with The Floating Opera and The End of the Road, two short realist novels that deal wittily with controversial topics, suicide and abortion respectively. They are straight forward realistic tales: as Barth later remarked, they "didn't know they were novels."
                                                       
                                                         From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Beowulf.



Beowulf (in Old English [ˈbeːo̯ˌwulf]) is an Old English epic poem consisting of  3182 alliterative lines. It is oldest surviving long poem in Old English and is commonly cited as one of the most important works of Old English literature. It was written in England some time between the 8th and the early 11th century. The author was an anonymous Anglo- Saxon poet, referred to by scholars as the "Beowulf poet". The poem is set in Scandinavia, Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, whose mead hall in Heorot has been under attack by a monster known as Grendel.

                                                                                                From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia





The Canterbury Tales.



The Canterbury Tales (Middle English: Tales of Caunterbury) is a collection of 24 stories that runs to over 17,000 lines written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer. In 1386 Chaucer became Controller of Customs and Justice of Peace and then three years later in 1389 Clerk of the King's work. It was during these years that Chaucer began working on his most famous text, The Canterbury Tales. The tales (mostly written in verse, although some are in prose) are presented as part of a story- telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from London to Canterbury in order to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.

                                                                                             From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



The Decameron.



The Decameron or Decamerone subtitled Prince Galehaut, is a collection of novellas by the 14th-century Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375). The book is structured as a frame story, containing 100 tales told by a group of seven young women and three young men sheltering in a secluded villa just outside Florence to escape the Black Death , which was afflicting the city, Boccaccio probably conceived the Decameron after the epidemic of 1348 and completed it by 1353. The various tales of love in The Decameron range from the erotic to the tragic.

                                                                                        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia




Frame Story.


A frame story (also known as a frame tale or frame narrative) is a literary technique that sometimes serves as a companion piece to a story within a story, whereby an introductory or main narrative is presented, at least in part, for the purpose of setting the stage either for a more emphasized second narrative or for a set of shorter stories. The frame story leads readers from a first story into another, smaller one (or several ones)within it.

                                                                                          From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia




Erotic.

Eroticism (eros- "desire") is a quality that causes sexual feelings, as well as a philosophical contemplation concerning the aesthetics of sexual desire, sensuality and romantic love. That quality may be found in any form of artwork, including painting, sculpture, photography, drama, film, music or literature. It may also be found in advertising. The term may also refer to a state of sexual arousal or anticipation of such- an insistent sexual impulse, desire, or pattern of thoughts. As French novelist Honore de Balzac stated, eroticism is dependent not just upon an individual's sexual morality, but also the culture and time in which an individual resides.

                                                                                     From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Practical Jokes.



A practical jokes is a mischievous trick played on someone, generally causing the victim to experience embarrassment, perplexity, confusion or discomfort. A person who performs a practical jokes is called a "practical joker". Other terms for practical jokes include prank, gag, jape, or shenanigan. Practical jokes differ from confidence tricks or hoaxes in that the victim finds out, or is let in on the joke, rather than being talked into handing over money or other valuables. In Western culture, April Fools' Day is a day traditionally dedicated to conducting practical jokes.

                                                                                        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Yorkshire.



Yorkshire (abbreviated Yorks) is a historic country of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. Yorkshire has sometimes been nicknamed "God's Own Country" or "God's Own Country". Yorkshire is now divided between different official regions. Most of the county falls within Yorkshire and the Humber.

                                                                                      From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



New Hampshire.



New Hampshire is a state in the state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. In January 1776 it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority and it was the first to establish its own state constitution.
                                                     
                                                                                          From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Canterbury Cathedral.



Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. It forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Justin Welby, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion; the archbishop, being suitably occupied with national and international matters, delegates the most of his functions as diocesan bishop to the Bishop suffragan of  Dover, currently Trevor Willmott. Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury. Founded in 597, the cathedral was completely rebuilt from 1070.

                                                                                    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Church of England.

The Church of England is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The church, as the established church, is comprehensive with both liberal and conservative clergy and members. The church dates its establishment to the 6th-century Gregorian mission in Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury. The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII sought to secure an annulment from Catherine of Aragon in the 1530s. The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI's regents before a brief restoration of Catholicism under Queen Mary I and King Philip.

                                                                                          From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Anglican Communion.



The Anglican Communion is an international association of independent churches consisting of the Church of England and of national and regional Anglican churches in full communion with it. The status of full communion means, ideally, that there is mutual agreement on essential doctrines and that full participation in the sacramental life of each church is available to all communicant Anglicans. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of All England, has a place of honour among the bishops of the Anglican churches. He is recognized as primus inter pares, or first among equals. The archbishop does not exercise authority in the provinces outside England, but instead acts as a focus of unity.

                                                                                        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



The Other Boleyn Girl (2008 film)



The Other Boleyn Girl is a 2008 drama film directed by Justin Chadwick. The screenplay by Peter Morgan was adapted from the 2001 novel of the same name by Philippa Gregory. It is romanticized account of the lives of 16th-century aristocrats Mary Boleyn, one- time mistress of King Henry VIII, and her sister, Anne, who became the monarch's ill- fated second wife, though much history is distorted. 

                                                                                         From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


The Other Boleyn Girl (2008 film) Trailer.

General Prologue.



The General Prologue is the first part of  Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. The frame story of the poem, as set out in the 858 lines of Middle English which make up the general prologue, is of a religious pilgrimage. The narrator, Geoffrey Chaucer, is in The Tabard Inn in Southwark, where he meets a group of "sundry folk" who are all on the way to Canterbury, the site of the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket. The setting is April, and the prologue starts b singing the praises of that month whose rains and warm western wind restore life and fertility to the earth and its inhabitants. This abundance of life, the narrator says, prompts people to go on pilgrimages; in England, the goal of such pilgrimages is the shrine of Thomas Becket. 
                                                          
                                                                                         From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



The Waste Land.



The Waste Land is a long poem by T. S. Eliot. It is widely regarded as one of  the most important poems of the 20th century and a central text in Modernist poetry. Published in 1922, the 434-line poem first appeared in the United Kingdom in the October issue of The Criterion and in the United States in the November issue of The Dial. It was published in book form in December 1922. Among its famous phrases are "April is the cruellest month", "I will show you fear in a handful of dust", and the mantra in the Sanskrit language "Shantih shantih shantih". Eliot's poem loosely follows the legend of the Holy Grail and the Fisher King combined with vignettes of contemporary British society.

                                                                                        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Gustav Klimt.



Gustav Klimt ( July 14, 1862 - February 6, 1918) was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals, sketches, and other objects d'art. Klimt primary subject was the female body, and his works are marked by a frank eroticism. In addition to his figurative works, which include allegories and portraits, he painted landscapes. Among the artists of the Vienna Secession, Klimt was the most influenced by Japanese art and its methods. As he developed a more personal style, his work was the subject of controversy that culminated when the paintings he completed around 1900 for the ceiling of the Great Hall of the University of Vienna were criticized as pornographic.

                                                                                     From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Phallus.



This article is about the roles of erect penises as symbols. A phallus is a penis, especially when erect, an object that resembles a penis, or a mimetic image of an erect penis. any object that symbolically - or, more precisely, iconically -resembles a penis may also be referred to as a phallus; however, such objects are more often referred to as being phallic (as in "phallic symbol"). such symbols often represent fertility and cultural implications that are associated with the male sexual organ, as well as the male orgasm.

                                                                                       From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Penis.



A penis is the primary sexual organ that male and hermaphrodite animals use to inseminate sexually receptive mates (usually females and hermaphrodites respectively) during copulation. Such organ occur in many animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate, but males do not bear a penis in every animal species, and in those species in which the male does bear a so-called penis, the penes in the various species are not necessarily homologous. For examples, the penis of a mammal is at most analogous to the penis of a male insect or barnacle.
                                                                                           From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Perseus.



In Greek mythology, Perseus is the legendary founder of Mycenae and of the Perseid dynasty of Danaans, was alongside Cadmus and Bellerophon, the greatest Greek hero and slayer of monsters before the days of Heracles. Perseus beheaded the Gorgan Medusa and saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus. Perseus was the son of the mortal Danae and the god Zeus. He was also the great grandfather of  Heracles, also a son of Zeus.

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Musee Des Beaux Arts (poem).

                               

"Musee des Beaux Arts" (French for "Museum of Fine Arts") is a poem written by  W. H. Auden in December 1938 while he was staying in Brussels, Belgium with Christopher Isherwood. It was first published under the title "Palais deus beaux arts" (Palace of Fine Arts) in the Spring 1939 issue of New Writing, a modernist magazine edited by John Lehmann. It next appeared in the collected volume of verse Another Time (New York: Random House, 1940), which was followed four months later by the English edition (London: Faber and Faber, 1940). The poem's title derives from the Musees Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique in Brussels, famous for its collection of Early Netherlandish painting. Auden visited the Musee and would have seen a number of works by the "Old Masters" of his second line, including Pieter Bruegel he Elder (ca. 1525-1569).

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Winners of the Nobel Prize In Literature- William Faulkner.

William Cuthbert Faulkner ( September 25, 1897 - July 6, 1962) was an American writer and Nobel Prize laureate from Oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner wrote novels, short stories, a play, poetry, essays, and screenplays. He is primarily known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, based on Lafayette County, Mississippi, where he spent most of his life. Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers in American literature generally and Southern literature specifically. Though his works was published as early as 1919, and largely during the 1920 and 1930s , Faulkner was relatively unknown until receiving the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature, for which he became the only Mississippi- born Nobel winner.

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